A visit to igboland today reveals an expansive spread of western mansions and cottages that have replaced the old mud walls and thatched roofs that characterised igbo architecture. Hausa architecture is an important part of african indigenous architecture. The tribe is made up of a diverse but culturally homogeneous people based primarily in the sahelian and sudanian areas of northern nigeria and southeastern niger, with significant numbers, also living in parts of cameroon, cote divoire, chad, togo, ghana, and. Queen amina of zaria had walls built out of adobe around the city of zaria. Vann has many unique features which distinguish it from any other architecture. Hausa architecture is the architecture of the hausa people. Housing, rural communities and urban poor, organized by international network for traditional building, architecture. All buildings, be it modern or old has an impact on the environment. It further asserts that hausa traditional housing places restrictions on circulation of occupants especially women which could hamper their development socially and economically, and thus be an obstacle to the optimum. Housing, rural communities and urban poor, organized by international network for traditional building, architecture and. Transformation in hausa traditional residential architecture arc. In this paper, these factors will be discussed and their influence on the architecture of mosques and islamic centers through analysis and comparison of a number of examples in a non muslim context that will help create a sample of islamic buildings suitable while also achieving harmony with their locations. Learn about the climatic, religious, and cultural factors which influenced its formation and how traditional architecture has changed over time. Islam has been carried throughout west africa by hausa traders.
Adeokun1 1department of architecture, college of science and technology, covenant university, ota, nigeria. Factors shaping vernacular architecture of northern nigeria i. Hausa traditional architecture therefore can simply be defined as the art of shaping the environment to serve the requirements of hausa traditions comfortably and efficiently. Consequently, the chinese pyramidal cake form is a depiction of temples whereas the ordinary linear design is reserved for housing, while in america, the simple wooden architecture is peculiar cottage buildings. Vernacular architecture of the northern part of nigeria like any other place in the world. An introduction to indigenous african architecture labelle. Factors shaping vernacular architecture of northern nigeria. Transformation in hausa traditional residential architecture.
The hausa people are found in various parts of west africa. But, the north adopted islamic traits brought by the arab traders from north africa which later developed into hausa traditional architecture. The bayajidda legend and hausa history 9 suspecting that oral traditions can easily be altered by manipulations, historians are reluctant to consider seriously the evidence for transcontinental migrations provided by the bayajidda legend. Igbos in the southeastern nigeria having igbo vernacular architecture with focus on their culture, region and. It consists of a compound in which there are several houses for specific purposes. Hausa traditional architecture in kano has also witnessed this change in typology and morphology of the building within the last few decades, so it generates several architectural statements based on the visual image and perceptions on traditional or modern contemporary buildings, otherwise termed as tradomodern buildings. Modern architecture in nigeria presents a bizarre picture of indiscriminate transplantation of foreign buildings, and a complete abandonment of traditional architecture. Hausa architecture of northern nigeria and niger republic architecture haoussa du niger et du nord du nigeria. Jun 10, 2019 download development of traditional architecture in nigeria. Traditional hausa architecture in northern nigeria 9783. Pdf traditional buildings across nigerias geographical zones are known to have demonstrated a thorough response to the climate.
These homes are usually selfcontained and fenced around to ensure privacy. Much of its charm lies precisely in its instability, which insists we explore it and, at the same time, makes it difficult. Religion in history of hausa traditional architecture. A complete course for beginners teach yourself books english and hausa edition charles h. The house form is usually of circular plan, free standing, with the diameter of the building equal to or. The traditional yoruba man was a polygamist, counting his wives and children when numbering his properties and his lifestyle fed into his building. Many hausas can read and write in arabic because at an early age, they are required to go to arabiclanguage.
Nov 09, 2016 the hausa culture is one of the many cultures in nigeria. Gali, kabir umar mnia department of architecture, kano university of science and technology, wudil kano state, nigeria abstract this study assesses the hausa traditional residential houses with a view to identify transformations in. A look at traditional hausa architecture in relation to social stratification paper presented at the international conference on the relevance of traditional architecture. It portrays the historical style represented by the european, brazilian and north african trends through traditional architecture and the modern style with the international style, the new west african style and the postmodern trend. Interesting facts from the history of hausa traditional architecture. The paper notes that the hausa traditional housing is an excellent reference of traditional architecture in nigeria. The spread of hausa and hausa states bayajidda now established himself in daura. The town predates all the other major hausa towns in tradition and culture. Sep 16, 2011 traditional hausa architecture in northern nigeria. Materials in this region, building materials typically fall into four groups. The traditional settlements of the hausa people of northern nigeria which are described in this article might, perhaps, come into this category. The hausa culture is one of the many cultures in nigeria. Apparently, the transplanted architecture does not respond to the physical and cultural needs of nigerians, and, at all events, the peoples attitude to it portrays ignorance, confusion and resignation.
See more ideas about architecture, africa and african. Beyond generic descriptions of nigerian traditional architecture as adobe walls, domes. Relatives hope to live near each other to socialize and support each other. The history of hausa universe from the 7 th century ad to date has shown a gradual change in traditional creeds with a more radical change by the end of last century. In nigerian traditional house forms, for instance, spatial planning. The hausa language is written in arabic characters, and about one quarter of hausa words are made up of arabic. The buildings are composed of individual eggshaped units of adobe locally termed tubali which have been earthplastered, presenting a monolithic appearance. Hausa architectural forms include mosques, walls, common compounds, and gates. Northern nigeria architecture hausa vernacular architecture. Towards conservation and restoration of spatial morphology and techniques article pdf available august 2019 with 949 reads how we measure reads. Read online development of traditional architecture in nigeria. The arts are limited to those forms allowed by islam.
This week we bring to you some best architecture books that are available for free online, you may. Tradition is opinion, belief, practice, customs etc. Hausa architecture in zaria, kaduna state, nigeria yes it is true, first we shape our buildings, then they shape us. Hausa architecture of northern nigeria and niger republic. The engravers may rely on free hand drawing skills and common design. No doubt that reading is the simplest way for humans to derive and constructing meaning in order to gain a particular knowledge from a source. It dug out from the kududdufi, the burrow pit carefully chosen by the builder since the birji varies considerably from town to town and even from pit to pit. National identity, vernacular architecture, form, space, and culture. Asante architecture included asantehene palace, shrines, common homes, decorative art and symbols, and organizational features. Daura city is the cultural center of the hausa people. Culture is painted on urban fabric and its spreaded through the development process of our cities.
Hausa housing ranges from traditional family compounds in rural areas to modern, singlefamily houses in new sections of cities. Hausa walled towns eventually evolved into walled cities. A lesson from vernacular architecture in nigeria neliti. Hausa traditional architecture is an integral part of how hausa people construct a sense of interrelatedness with their physical environment. Music is an integral part of hausa life and can be classified in terms of function and audience. In addition, paper identifies the determinant and moderating factors as main issues that contributed to the development of hausa traditional architecture, in cognizance of local materials, method of construction, methods layout, social, cultural factors, and environmental factors amongst others.
Download development of traditional architecture in nigeria. Therefore, they build round houses and live in large groups. Hausa and fulani people nigeria people and culture. Still a status symbol of the traditional nobility in hausa society, the horse still features in the eid day celebrations, known as ranar sallah in english. Oct 11, 2015 hausa architecture of northern nigeria and niger republic architecture haoussa du niger et du nord du nigeria. Earth birji is earth used to make tubali and mortar. This hausa language might be the language of the tribe that settled in daura. Sep 27, 2016 but in nigerian traditional architecture nta it is the residential domestic architecture that is highly pronounced and well developed. Sources of nigerian architecture in the 21st century uia 2017 seoul. Indigenous hausa tubali architecture culture 2 nigeria. Viollet le duc, the habitation of man in a11 ages, trans. But in nigerian traditional architecture nta it is the residential domestic architecture that is highly pronounced and well developed.
Levine on the development of dream concepts among hausa children, there are stages through which the children proceed in their attempts to understand their dream experiences. The hausa people are a large ethnic group who share close historical and cultural ties with other related tribes especially the fulani. Hausa traditional architecture in kano has also witnessed this change in ty. The engravers may rely on free hand drawing skills and common design elements when creating the work. This tendency has been digitized when books evolve into digital media equivalent ebooks. This paper deals with the dynamics and challenges of nigerian architecture in practice. Northern nigeria is predominantly occupied by hausa fulanis ethnic group whom were involved in constant interaction with. Music is an integral part of hausa life and can be classified in terms. Southwards, and the return of freed of slaves from brazil through free town.
Hausa is the most widely spoken language in west africa and the primary language spoken in all northern states in nigeria. The first is the hausa homestead, which is the dominant. Traditional hausa architecture in northern nigeria, 9783846506394, 9783846506394, 3846506397, building and environmental technology, this book is a crosssectional descriptive investigation on traditional hausa architecture of hausa people and royal kingship groups, their houses, city walls and gates, which were originally built by hausa masterbuilders. Igbo architecture in a traditional environment in the olden days is emerging. Traditional architecture is thus firmly rooted in the sociocultural, climatic and politicoeconomic environment of the society. The traditional hausa way of life and islamic social values have been intermixed for such a long time that many of the basic tenets of hausa society are islamic adamu 1978, 9. Asante architecture is the architecture of asante people. Traditional buildings across nigerias geographical zones are known to have demonstrated a thorough response to the climate, local technology and socioeconomic milieu in which they evolved. Islamic architecture are characterized by arches,domes and minarets, of which the tubali architecture doesnt have, i dont know of any civilization in africa that.
Sources of nigerian architecture in the 21st century. Pdf the practice of hausa traditional architecture. Hausa, the largest speaking language in west africa is one universe epitomized by the concept of change in both its traditions and culture. Hausa indigenous architecture is famed for its ribbed vaulting, doming and sculpted and painted external murals.
Traditional hausa architecture in northern nigeria. Design and building of the royal palace, city walls and gates of northern nigeria nura jibo on. Hausa traditional architecture is an integral part of how hausa people construct a sense of. Hausa people, language, tribe, culture, music, movies, women. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. They constitute the largest ethnic group in the area, which also contains another large group, the fulani, perhaps onehalf of whom are settled among the hausa as a ruling class, having adopted the hausa language and culture.
I really dont think this architecture is truly indigenous to the hausa cos its not anything different from the islamic designs obtainable in mali and other sahel black africa. Architecture in this dimension could be seen as the art. Architecture of mosques and islamic centers in nonmuslim. With a population of over 30 million, they have the largest population in west africa because of their intermarriages and constant interaction with different peoples. Adamu 2005, categorize decoration in hausa traditional architecture in to three groups, namely surface design, calligraphy and ornamental 18. The traditional architecture of the igbo of nigeria. Overtime, walls would encompass farming land, for further protection. Hausa dreams the hausa are a predominantly islamic people who inhabit northwestern nigeria and adjacent areas of the niger republic. Hausa, people found chiefly in northwestern nigeria and adjacent southern niger. As we turn to that landmark novel, things fall apart, the distinguished writer chinua achebe presents a description that brings the reade r close t o igb traditional architecture. Hausa traditional architecture is an integral part of how hausa people. The hausafulani are diverse but culturally homogeneous group of people. This video educates you about the culture by bringing to the fore, the unique aspects of the cultur. There is a very weak link between the historical style.
This study aims at conservation, preservation, and restoration of hausa traditional architecture by highlighting the spatial morphology and techniques from village to town, the reason for. Because of the short life and high maintenance costs of hausa traditional con struction, new building methods and materials are now being introduced which. Architecture, forms, housing, modern, traditional, values. Design and building of the royal palace, city walls and gates of northern nigeria 9783846506394 by jibo, nura and a great selection of similar new, used and collectible books available now at great prices. In this region, building materials typically fall into four groups. Architecture is doomed to a permanent process of reinvention, which produces constitutionally.
A sense of community plays an extremely important role for hausa people. Since the story said he camee to daura alone so we assume he now learned the daura language or should i say hausa that was not existing as it is now he now wants to expands his kingdom. The hausa and fulani people are located mostly in northern part of nigeria. The coastal southern nigeria was influenced mostly brazilian and colonial architecture. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. Zarias wall was a testament to the prosperous and illustrious reign of the queen. This book is a crosssectional descriptive investigation on traditional hausa architecture of hausa people and royal kingship groups.
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